Whole genome sequencing (WGS) is a comprehensive genetic analysis technique that determines the complete DNA sequence of an individual's entire genome.
The human genome consists of all the genetic material, including genes, regulatory elements, and non-coding regions, present in a person's cells.
WGS provides a detailed map of the individual's genetic code, unraveling the order of nucleotide bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine) that make up their DNA.
A biological sample, usually blood or tissue, is collected from the individual undergoing genome sequencing. This sample contains DNA extracted from cells, which carries the genetic information.
The collected sample undergoes a DNA extraction process to isolate the genomic DNA.
The isolated DNA is fragmented into smaller pieces, and specific DNA adapters are attached to each fragment.
The prepared DNA fragments are subjected to a process called polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which amplifies the DNA sequences.